May 15, 2020

RESIGNATION MAY BE PROVEN BY FACTUAL CIRCUMSTANCES EVEN IN THE ABSENCE OF WRITTEN RESIGNATION LETTER

Resignation is defined as a formal pronouncement or relinquishment of an office, with the intention of relinquishing the office accompanied by the act of relinquishment. As […]
May 22, 2020

STRONG WORDS OF EMPLOYER DO NOT NECESSARILY MAKE WORKING ENVIRONMENT UNBEARABLE

Strong words from the employer do not necessarily make the working environment unbearable. When these are uttered without palpable reason or are expressed only for the […]
August 19, 2020

EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS THAT ARE AMENDED REDUCING THE BENEFITS MANDATED BY LAW ARE NOT BINDING ON EMPLOYEES

Employment contracts, just like the general rule on contracts under the Civil Code, cannot be amended so as to contradict the law, morals, public order and […]
October 10, 2022

Quantum of Proof in Illegal Dismissal Cases

It is a well-established rule that the party who alleges the existence of a fact or thing necessary to establish a claim has the burden of […]
December 15, 2022

Burden of Proof in Illegal Dismissal Cases where the Employer Denies Termination

It is axiomatic that in illegal dismissal cases, the employer bears the burden of proving that the termination was for a valid or authorized cause. However, […]
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